/*
  // io.java
  Basic input/output classes
  Last updated: 2001.11.09
    by milan ramaiya

  API:

  class in:                       allows input from standard input
    STATIC METHODS (self-explanatory)
    --------------
    String readString()
    char   readChar()
    int    readInt()
    long   readLong()
    float  readFloat()
    double readDouble()
    String readString(String prompt)
    char   readChar(String prompt)
    int    readInt(String prompt)
    long   readLong(String prompt)
    float  readFloat(String prompt)
    double readDouble(String prompt)

  class out:                      allows output to standard output
    STATIC METHODS (self-explanatory)
    --------------
    print(anytype)
    println(anytype)
    print(anytype[])
    println(anytype[])
    clear()
*/

import java.io.*;

class in
{
    //keyboard input
    static BufferedReader kbin =
        new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

    //general string input
    static String readString()
    {
        try { return kbin.readLine(); }
        catch(IOException e) {}; 
        return "";
    }

    //general character input
    static char   readChar()  { return readString().charAt(0); }
    
    //specific format inputs
    static int    readInt()    { return Integer.parseInt(readString());   }
    static long   readLong()   { return Long.parseLong(readString());     }
    static float  readFloat()  { return Float.parseFloat(readString());   }
    static double readDouble() { return Double.parseDouble(readString()); }

    // prompting functions
    static String readString(String prompt)
    { out.print(prompt); return readString(); }

    static char readChar(String prompt)
    { out.print(prompt); return readChar();   }
    
    static int readInt(String prompt)
    { out.print(prompt); return readInt();    }

    static float readFloat(String prompt)
    { out.print(prompt); return readFloat();  }

    static double readDouble(String prompt)
    { out.print(prompt); return readDouble();  }

    static void pause()
    { readString("Press Enter to continue."); }
}

class out
{
    static public void print(int i)       { System.out.print(i);    }
    static public void print(char c)      { System.out.print(c);    }
    static public void print(long l)      { System.out.print(l);    }
    static public void print(float f)     { System.out.print(f);    }
    static public void print(double d)    { System.out.print(d);    }
    static public void print(String s)    { System.out.print(s);    }
    static public void print(Object o)    { System.out.print(o);    }
    static public void print(boolean b)   { System.out.print(b);    }
    static public void println()          { System.out.println();   }
    static public void println(int i)     { System.out.println(i);  }
    static public void println(char c)    { System.out.println(c);  }
    static public void println(long l)    { System.out.println(l);  }
    static public void println(float f)   { System.out.println(f);  }
    static public void println(double d)  { System.out.println(d);  }
    static public void println(String s)  { System.out.println(s);  }
    static public void println(Object o)  { System.out.println(o);  }
    static public void println(boolean b) { System.out.println(b);  }

    static public void print(int a[])
    {
        print("{");
        for(int i=0; i<a.length; i++)
            print(a[i] + (i!=a.length-1 ? ", " : ""));
        print("}");
    }

    static public void print(char a[])
    {
        print("{");
        for(int i=0; i<a.length; i++)
            print(a[i] + (i!=a.length-1 ? ", " : ""));
        print("}");
    }

    static public void print(long a[])
    {
        print("{");
        for(int i=0; i<a.length; i++)
            print(a[i] + (i!=a.length-1 ? ", " : ""));
        print("}");
    }

    static public void print(float a[])
    {
        print("{");
        for(int i=0; i<a.length; i++)
            print(a[i] + (i!=a.length-1 ? ", " : ""));
        print("}");
    }

    static public void print(double a[])
    {
        print("{");
        for(int i=0; i<a.length; i++)
            print(a[i] + (i!=a.length-1 ? ", " : ""));
        print("}");
    }

    static public void print(String a[])
    {
        print("{");
        for(int i=0; i<a.length; i++)
            print(a[i] + (i!=a.length-1 ? ", " : ""));
        print("}");
    }

    static public void print(Object a[])
    {
        print("{");
        for(int i=0; i<a.length; i++)
            print(a[i] + (i!=a.length-1 ? ", " : ""));
        print("}");
    }

    static public void print(boolean a[])
    {
        print("{");
        for(int i=0; i<a.length; i++)
            print(a[i] + (i!=a.length-1 ? ", " : ""));
        print("}");
    }
    
    static public void println(int     a[]) { print(a); println(); }
    static public void println(long    a[]) { print(a); println(); }
    static public void println(float   a[]) { print(a); println(); }
    static public void println(double  a[]) { print(a); println(); }
    static public void println(String  a[]) { print(a); println(); }
    static public void println(Object  a[]) { print(a); println(); }
    static public void println(boolean a[]) { print(a); println(); }
    
    static public void clear()
    {
        for(int i=0; i<60; i++)
            println();
    }    
}